Research and Inspiration #20

Shepard Fairey:  Born in 1970. Graphic designer who first became known for his OBEY sticker. Designed Obama's hope poster for the 2008 election.

Color Psychology

Research and Inspiration #19

cute colorful

nice fading

unity

fade color unity

same as other one

Stationary Package

BUSINESS CARD

• The printed pieces that a company utilizes for communication purposes
• When establishing a business, is very important that all communications are well coordinated and that the message of the organization is presented consistently
• BUSINESS CARD, LETTERHEAD, AND ENVELOPE
• Business card:  immediate opinion, goals, colors, fonts
• Logo, name, employee name, title, phone number, fax number, email, address, web address
• 2X3.5 to fit into a wallet

LETTERHEAD

• typically includes:  logo, company name, company address, phone number, fax number, web address
• 8X11, vertical orientation, leave room to write the letter and memo, accuracy, unity with other pieces

ENVELOPE

• standard #10 envelope
• logo, company name, company address
• 9.5 X 4 1/8
• Leave room for recipients address and stamp
• well coordinated between all pieces

Research and Inspiration #18

I like the use of the flower in the letter it stands out and makes the logo more interesting

I really like this flower and how it stands taller than the letters. 

I like how there is a flower coming off the curly part of the letter and how the bigger flower becomes part of the B.

Research and Inspiration #17

This one is unique

I like the toothbrush

I like the use of 2 colors

Logotype

• Logotype:  a graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and even individuals to aid and promote instant public recognition.... AKA:  LOGO
• A logographic language is Egyptian Hieroglyphics
• As the industrial revolution developed in the 18th and 19th centuries photography, and lithography contributed to the boom of an advertising industry that integrated typography and imagery together on the page
• Consultancies and trade-groups in the commercial arts were growing and organizing; by 1890 the US had 700 lithographic printing firms employing more than 8,000 people
• As printing cost decreased, literacy rated increased, and visual styles changed, the Victorian decorative art lead to an expansion of typographic styles and methods of representing businesses
• By the 1950s, modernism had shed its roots as an avant-garde artistic movement in Europe to become an international, commercialized movement in the US and elsewhere
• LESS IS MORE; simplicity, difficult to perfect
• Real life people do not analyze logos
• Simple:  Easily recognizable, LESS IS MORE
• Memorable:  Based on simplicity
• Timeless: Last for many years and still be effective
• Versatile:  Works on tv, billboards, printed shirts, vector format
• Appropriate:  Should appeal for intended audience
• Four Color Process:  CMYK; technique when printing in full color
• Spot Color:  Method of specifying and printing colors in which each color is printed with its own color; effective when the printed matter only contains 1-3 colors
• Pantone Matching System:  Everyone uses these colors only when you are trying to design with spot color, books with swatched
• Combination Mark:  combining text of company name and visual together 
• Iconic/Symbolic:  Just a symol, very simplifies
• Wordmark:  whole name of the company
• The grid:  way of organizing content on a page

Research and Inspiration #16

I really like the game board look to this design. It draws the eye throughout the design easily. 

I like how on this info graph it looks as if it is hand drawn. However, this design is a little too busy.

Early Computers | 1930s - 1980s AD

What is an abacus?
Beads slid to calculate 
In 1936,  Zuse invented this type of computer?
First freely programmable computer
Post a photo of the 1944 Mark Computer.

In 1944, Aiken and Hopper designed the Mark Series of computers to be used for what?
Census BureauPost a photo of the UNIVAC Computer.

In 1951, Eckert and Mauchly designed the first commercial computer for whom? 
Census Bureau
What does UNIVAC stand for?
Universal Automatic Computer
In 1953, IBM enters the scene. What does IBM stand for?
International Business Machines
What is FORTRAN?
Computer programming for calculations
Post a photo of the first mouse.

In 1964, how did Engelbart change the way computers worked?
Made the mouse
What is the significance of ARPnet?
Assist IT techs
In 1971, Intel introduced this? Post a photo of it.
Microchip process
In the same year, IBM introduced this? Post a photo of one.
Memory Disk

In 1973, Metcalf and Xerox created this?
Ethernet computer

During the next several years, the first consumer computers were marketed. Post photos of the Altair, Apple I, Apple II, TRS-80, Commodore PET. Label each.

In 1981, Bill Gates and Microsoft introduced this package?
IBM PCPost a photo of the Lisa computer.
In 1983, who introduced the Lisa computer?
Bill Gates
What is GUI?
Graphical User InterfacePost a photo of the computer mentioned below.
In 1984, a more affordable home computer was introduced. Name the computer and the company that marketed it?
Apple Macintosh Computer

The commercial only ran one time. When?
Superbowl
In response to the Apple GUI, Gates and Microsoft introduced this?
Windows Operating System
Two men are known for their development of the Apple I computer. Who are they?

When was the internet that we know, world wide web, developed and introduced?

Over the years, Apple has included "easter eggs" within their software. What is an "easter egg"?

Search for easter eggs in Photoshop and Illustrator. List a few in this post ... and try to find them in the applications.

Where do you think computers will take us in the next 10 years?
To infinity and beyond

Photography | 1839 - 1960s AD

Until the 1880s, how were news stories illustrated?
Camera obsura
What is a camera obscura?
Way to observe lightPost an example of a camera obscura.

How did scholars and artists utilize the camera obscure?
Safe observations of the moon
From where did the photographic camera develop?
Portable box
Who first used the term "photography"? Where was is derived from?
Sir John Hershel, greek word meaning light and writingPost an the first photograph.  

Who is credited with making the first successful photograph?
Joseph NiepcePost an example of a Daguerreotype image. 

Who invented the Daguerreotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Captured the image but couldnt be duplicated
Post an example of a Calotype image. 

Who invented the Calotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
William Fox Talbot- Effective but could not be duplicated unlimitedlyPost an example of a Wet Collodion Process image. 

Who invented the Wet Collodion process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Frederick Scott- Cost was less, but darkrooms needed to be portable

Post an example of a Dry Plate Process image. 

Who invented the Dry Plate process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Richard Maddox- Gelatin film, complicated for the public
Who is George Eastman? What company did he establish?
Made photography accessible to all- Photography Post an example of The Kodak Camera from 1888. 

In 1888, he produced a camera that use his flexible roll film. How did he make this camera/photography accessible to the public?
$1 only (Brownie)
What is Edwin Land best known for? What company did he establish?
PolaroidPost a photo of the first Polaroid camera.

How long did the first Polaroid camera take to produce a photo?
60 seconds
What was Eadweard Muybridge known for?
Motion Picture photographyPost a photo of the Zoopraxiscope.

What is the Zoopraxiscope?
Displays motion picturesPost a photo of Muybridge's horse in motion.
(ABOVE)
How did Muybridge settle the debate and photograph a horse in motion?Series of cameras to capture it
In 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed this?
YESPost a photo of a motion picture projector.

What is a motion picture projector?
Plays motion pictures

The Linotype Machine | 1886 AD

Who is credited with the invention of the typewriter?
Christopher Sholes
What is a "stenographer"?
Someone with skilled transcription of speechPost an example of Shole's typewriter.

Why did Sholes send a prototype of his typewriter to Clephane?
Well known and reliable transcriber
After the typewriter began production, why did Clephane pursue another machine?
Unsparing tests
Who spent a year redesigning Clephane's typesetting machine?
Ottmar Mergenthaler
What is meant by "typesetting"?
Textual material in typePost an example of Linotype Machine.

How does the Linotype Machine differ from the typewriter?
Mechanical rather than by hand
How did this machine change the newspaper industry?
More efficient and faster producingPost an example of a Linotype keyboard.

How did the keyboard of the Linotype Machine differ from keyboards that we use today?
Farther spaced apart and in a different orderPost an example of a Linotype slug.

What is a slug?
Molds or letter formsPost an example of a person operating a Linotype Machine.

Why is the Linotype Machine the greatest advanced in printing since movable type?Most efficient and rapid

The Gutenberg Press | 1450 AD

What is Johannes Gutenberg credited with?
The Gutenberg PressPost a photo of the Gutenberg Press.

How did the printing press work? 
Form was pressed on a piece of paper
What motivated Gutenberg to find a better way of creating books?
Experimenting with metal typography,determined it was more efficient
Why did Gutenberg experiment with metal type versus wood type?
Determine which one was fasterPost an example of movable type in a type case.

What is moveable type?
Movable components to reproduce elements of a document
What is a matrix?
Same letter can be used anywhere in the book
What ink did Gutenberg develop that he used specifically for the printing press?
Oil based ink
What is paper made from? Where did paper originate?
Wood pulp by Tsai Lun-China
What is a "substrate"?
something to write on
Who did Gutenberg seek to help with the invention of the press? Close to the end of the 5 years, what happened? Schoffer, took credit for producing the Bible
What was the first book he printed?
Bible

Post an example of this book.

How did the Gutenberg Press impact communication?
Communication was more widespread and efficient
Who introduced the printing press to England?
William Caxton
What was the early form of newspapers?
Boston Letter
When was the first news weekly published? What was it called?
The Times in England
What kind of press was built in the US in the mid 1800s?
IronPost an example of a 1930s printing press.

By the late 1930s, presses had increased in efficiency and were capable of 2,500 to 3,500 impressions per hour. What is meant by "impression"?
Letters
Which printing process is the Gutenberg press an example of? Briefly describe the process?
IntaglioPost an example of an intaglio press.

What is intaglio printing and how is ink transferred?
Ink is applied, Damp paper is placed, wipe paper with clothPost an example of a screen (porous) printing press.

What is porous printing and how is ink transferred?
Ink is forced through meshPost an example of a lithography printing press.

What is lithography and how is ink transferred?
The use of oil and water and how they do not mix, planographicPost an example of a offset lithography printing press. (WOULD NOT POST)
http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=642&tbm=isch&tbnid=QwtCXrr1LDOWkM:&imgrefurl=http://www.chemistrydaily.com/chemistry/Offset_lithography&docid=RTh0aq7XxzdZsM&imgurl=http://www.chemistrydaily.com/chemistry/upload/6/6b/Offset.png&w=279&h=315&ei=HzRaT5uyAYWztwerpPWEDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=402&vpy=242&dur=656&hovh=239&hovw=211&tx=123&ty=124&sig=101528354134235970757&page=1&tbnh=157&tbnw=139&start=0&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0 
What variation of lithography is used by the commercial printing industry today?
Offset Lithography
How do printing presses used today compare to the Gutenberg Press?
Evolved from eachother
Describe four-color process printing using CMYK
Cyan
Magenta
Yellow

Black

The Codex and the Illuminated Manuscript | 1st century AD

Post an example of a scroll.

What were the drawbacks of the scroll?
you have to read in order as it was writtenPost an example of a codex.

What is a codex?
Covered and bound collection of hand written pages
"Codex" is derived from the Latin meaning "block of wood". Why?
Sturdiness
What is the difference between "sequential access" and "random access"?
One can go to any place in the book (RANDOM) Sequintental, you have to go in order
What were the advantages of using the codex?
Sturdier and you can find things easier
What helped spread the use of the codex?
The rise of Christianity
What replaced papyrus? Describe the process used to create it?
Parchment, substrate made from animal skin
What is vellum?
Finer quality of parchment
Name several examples of current technology that utilizes the format of the codex?
Bible, books
What led to a period of cultural and economical deterioration?
Dark AgesPost an example of an illuminated manuscript.

Who began creating books by hand, taking the creation to an art form?
Monks
What does "illumination" refer to? What was included in this ornamentation?
The borders and illustrations
What tool was used for creating the illuminated manuscripts?
Feather pens
Why were these manuscripts reserved for religious purposes?
Christian Masses
What is craftsmanship? Why is it important
Craftsmanship is how a creater puts effort into a piece and it determines the quality of the design.

The Roman Alphabet | 7th century BC

What was the basis of the Roman uppercase alphabet?
Variant of the Greek alphabet

What were the purposes of the formal and informal styles of lettering?
Formal:  important documents Informal: letters

Why is the Roman alphabet the most widely used and what contributions did it make?

From where did serifs originate?
Carving of words in stone, didn't want the chisel to slip

When and where did lowercase, or minuscule, letters develop?
Wanted type perfectly aligned in rows


What is a ligature and why were they utilized?
The closeness of letters; alignement 

Post an example of the Roman alphabet in visual form. 

The Greek Alphabet | 800 BC

How did Greeks come in contact with the Phoenicians?
Phonecians regularly traveled to Greece

How was the Greek adaptation of the alphabet different from its predecessor?

They adapted some of the consonants as vowels

Why is the Greek alphabet considered to be the world's first true alphabet?
It has helped many other languages such as Latin

Name several similarities and differences between the Greek and modern English alphabets?

Some of the letters are alike and there are consonants and vowels

Post an example of the Greek alphabet in visual form. 

The Phoenician Alphabet | 1050 BC

The Phoenician alphabet is based on what principle?
Direct variation of hieroglyphics 

Describe the shape of the letters and what tool created them?
The letters where angular and straight since they were shaped with a stylus
'

What two reasons made the Phoenician alphabet so successful?
Trade spread the language, easier to learn than hieroglyphics

What long term effects on the social structures of civilizations did the Phoenicians have with the creation of their alphabet?

Simplicity allowed it to be used in other languages, common people learned how to write

Post an example of the Phoenician alphabet in visual form.

Hieroglyphics and the Egyptians | 3,000 BC

In the sixth century BC, what three civilizations invaded Egypt?
Persians, Greeks, and Romans


Post an example of the inside wall(s) of an Ancient Egyptian temple.

What was discovered on the inside of the temples?
Carved and painted images


Scholars believe that Ancient Egyptians were inspired and influenced by which written language?
Cuneiform


What is the difference between logographic and alphabetic elements?
Logorams are visual symbols representing ideas or objects, alphabetic came later


The term Hieroglyphic derived from what two Greek words?
hyro- sacred glyphic-engraving


What is a scribe?
School where students learned how to read and write


Who else was trained to read and write? Why?
Military, communicate with eachother


Post an example of hieroglyphics on papyrus.

What is papyrus and how was it made?
Find your way to the after life; Substrate made from reed and plants placed criss-crossed over each other then rubbed to together until flat


What is a substrate?
A layer or something to write on


What were the Books of the Dead?
Find your way to the after life


How did Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics become a forgotten language?
No one left to decipher the languagePost an example of the Rosetta Stone.


What is the Rosetta Stone? Where was it discovered?
A rock with 3 languages on it to translate hieroglyphics, Egypt in Rosetta


What three languages are included on the stone?
Demotic, Greek, and Hieroglyphics


Why couldn't the text on the Stone be deciphered?
Some of the stone was missing


Who finally deciphered the text? What was his breakthrough?
Jean Champollion, he matched up the Greek version of the name Ramses and the hieroglyphics


Why does the interpretation of the Rosetta Stone have such significance?

We know a lot more about the Egyptians and Hieroglyphics